REGULAR ARTICLEEvaluation of Clotting and Fibrinolytic Activation after Protracted Physical Exercise
Section snippets
Study Design
Twelve healthy male runners aged 25 to 47 years (35±6.5 yrs) were included in the study, after having given their informed consent. The study was designed according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. No participant had either used any drugs, or changed dietary habits for at least 8 days before the run and during the study period. All participants were well-trained long-distance runners involved in regular training for several years (training distance per week was about 100 km).
Statistical Analysis
Results are reported as median and range. Comparisons of the levels of different markers throughout the study were performed by non-parametric ANOVA (Kruskall-Wallis test) and Wilcoxon rank sum test (paired values). Any probability below 0.05 was considered to represent a significant difference.
Results
Table 1 shows the range and median values of different parameters observed before and after the competition. In comparison with baseline, a significant decrease of Fbg (−25%, p<0.001) and significant increases of F1+2 (+633%, p<0.001) and TAT (+848%, p<0.001) were observed in samples obtained immediately after the race.
The study of fibrinolysis showed a significant acceleration of ELT after the race (−41%, p< 0.001). Moreover, significant increases of plasma levels of t-PA ag (+361%, p<0.001),
Discussion
The results of this study indicate that the prolonged physical exercise of a marathon run leads to a marked activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis. As a whole, these modifications are similar to those already reported for strenuous exercise [1] with some peculiar aspects possibly related to the special kind of effort (strenuous but lasting some hours). Previous investigations on marathon or other activities which imply a prolonged strenuous exercise are scarce in the literature and
Conclusions
The results of the present study, together with those of the literature, indicate that even if short-term strenuous exercise can induce an activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis, there is not always fibrin generation in the bloodstream nor are there levels of free plasmin able to induce measurable amounts of fibrinogen and/or fibrin split products. This may occur depending on type, intensity, and duration of exercise, individual characteristics (age, fitness, training) and possibly
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2021, Journal of Equine Veterinary ScienceCitation Excerpt :Also, haemostatic changes involving platelets, coagulation and fibrinolysis have been reported in horses following exercise [5,6]. However, though the increase in clotting and fibrinolytic activity due to maximal [7] and near-maximal [8,9] exercise in widely documented in man, data on clotting parameters in exercised horses are controversial. The scientific community is currently interested in studying the metabolic adaptation to nervous, cardiovascular, endocrine and respiratory system requirements that result from physical exercise in equine species as horse represents an interesting physiological model in this context because different breeds are specialized in all type of exercise [10–12].
Blood Hemostatic Changes During an Ultraendurance Road Cycling Event in a Hot Environment
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Effects of exercise intensity on clot microstructure and mechanical properties in healthy individuals
2016, Thrombosis ResearchCitation Excerpt :Similarly, thrombin generation, a marker of clot propagation, has also generated conflicting results, with Summan et al. reporting an increase in thrombin generation following exercise [11], but this has not been determined in other studies [8]. Fibrinolysis, an important aspect of haemostasis in clot modification or breakdown, has also been investigated in response to exercise, with several studies reporting an increase in fibrinolytic activity via an increase in the fibrin degradation product D-dimers [5,12–15]. In addition, inhibition of fibrinolysis by the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) has been demonstrated via a decrease in plasminogen activated inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) activity [16–18].
Beneficial effects of habitual resistance exercise training on coagulation and fibrinolytic responses
2013, Thrombosis ResearchCitation Excerpt :It was advantageous to examine whether our AERET would decrease fibrinogen, thus suggesting that concentrations of thrombin would be increasing to convert fibrinogen to fibrin. In the literature, there has not been a consensus of what occurs after exercise, with some investigations exhibiting no changes in concentration of fibrinogen [20,43], some demonstrating an increase [18], while other studies showing a decrease with exercise [44]. We showed that habitual resistance exercise or an AERET had no effect on fibrinogen concentrations between the RT and UT.
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