Medical education faces global challenges because of the changing health care needs of an ageing and more demanding society, and the consequent requirement for increased health care workforce capacity and different workforce models. In the United Kingdom, education reform has spanned the medical, nursing and allied health professions, and has introduced new health professions with specific roles within a new, team-based model of comprehensive health care. In medical education, the UK reforms span undergraduate, prevocational, vocational and continuing education, with the aim of providing a framework for faster, more flexible career development that can adapt to future changes in workforce need. While some reforms are controversial, most appear sensible and are supported by most observers. The Modernizing Medical Careers process suffered implementation difficulties in 2007: the national, web-based application scheme for vocational training posts could not cope with such a large process, disrupting both the recruitment of an appropriate workforce for hospitals and the career progression of many recent UK medical graduates. The main problem appears to have been in management of change--too much was attempted too quickly on too large a scale--resulting in a backlash against any significant change. There may be lessons for Australia and New Zealand, which face similar challenges and are considering broadly similar changes.